While both aim to manage market volatility and deliver consistent returns, they differ significantly in structure, asset composition, and investment philosophy. Here’s a breakdown of how they work and how investors can choose between them.
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Balanced Advantage / Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds
Balanced advantage funds or dynamic asset allocation funds are designed to dynamically shift between equity and debt based on changing market conditions. Fund managers use internal models that assess valuation metrics, momentum, and macroeconomic indicators to decide how much exposure should be allocated to equity or debt at any given time. The equity allocation in these funds can vary widely, typically ranging from around 30% to over 80%, depending on the fund house’s model. The debt portion acts as a buffer, helping reduce volatility during market downturns.
A unique advantage of BAFs is that many of them maintain an average equity exposure above 65%, often through arbitrage positions. This allows them to qualify for equity taxation, which is more favourable than debt taxation over the long term. The goal of these funds is to provide stable, equity-like returns while limiting downside risks through timely asset rebalancing. Investors who want market participation without full equity volatility often find BAFs an attractive core holding.
Multi Asset Allocation Funds
Multi asset allocation funds, as per SEBI guidelines, are required to invest in at least three asset classes — usually equity, debt, and commodities like gold — with a minimum of 10% in each. This structure inherently provides broader diversification compared to BAFs, as the inclusion of non-correlated assets such as gold helps reduce overall portfolio risk.These funds typically maintain a mix where equity forms the core, supported by fixed income instruments and gold or other commodities. Unlike BAFs that dynamically change their equity-debt allocation based on models, Multi Asset Funds often rebalance periodically rather than tactically. The objective here is to deliver stable returns across different market cycles, relying on the varying performance of asset classes rather than frequent tactical shifts. For investors who believe in the long-term benefits of diversification across asset classes, multi asset funds offer a one-stop solution.Also Read | 5 equity mutual funds offer over 15% annual return in last 3 calendar years
Key differences
The most fundamental difference lies in the asset mix. While BAFs primarily toggle between equity and debt based on valuation models, Multi Asset Allocation Funds include at least three asset classes and maintain a minimum allocation to each.
BAFs are typically more dynamic, with frequent shifts between asset classes to respond to short-term market movements. In contrast, multi asset funds may follow a more stable rebalancing strategy, providing smoother returns but potentially lower agility during sharp market moves.
In terms of taxation, most BAFs enjoy equity taxation because they maintain the required equity exposure through direct holdings or derivatives. Multi Asset Funds, however, may not always qualify for equity taxation depending on the actual breakdown of the portfolio, which could affect post-tax returns.
All balanced advantage funds enjoy equity taxation which means investors who hold for more than a year pay 12.5% tax. In the case of multi-asset funds, some schemes that allocate more than 65% to equity enjoy equity taxation. However, there are some conservative schemes that have 35-65% allocated to equity, where investors who hold for more than 2 years pay tax at 12.5%, while those that sell before 2 years pay slab-based tax.
Another distinction is that while BAFs usually exclude commodities, Multi Asset Funds mandate exposure to gold or other non-equity, non-debt assets, offering better diversification in times of inflation or global uncertainty.
Which fund type should one choose?
Balanced Advantage or Dynamic Asset Allocation Funds are ideal for investors who want active equity participation but with an in-built cushion during market downturns. These funds are particularly useful for conservative investors looking for equity exposure without fully bearing the volatility of the stock market. They are also suitable for long-term investors who prefer tax-efficient options and want the fund manager to adjust allocations based on market conditions.
Also Read | Equity mutual funds offer up to 19% return in May, sectoral & thematic funds take leadOn the other hand, Multi Asset Allocation Funds are a good fit for investors who value broad diversification and want exposure to different asset classes like gold, which can act as a hedge during economic instability or inflation. These funds tend to be more conservative in their allocation and are appropriate for moderate-risk investors who believe in riding different market cycles through asset diversification rather than timing or tactical allocation.
Both Balanced Advantage and Multi Asset Allocation Funds serve the purpose of managing portfolio risk, but through different mechanisms. While BAFs rely on dynamic shifts between equity and debt based on market signals, Multi Asset Funds take a more structured diversification route involving a broader set of asset classes.
Your choice should ultimately depend on your investment goals, risk tolerance, and belief in either tactical allocation or strategic diversification. In many cases, combining both types within a portfolio can create a well-rounded investment strategy suited for various market conditions.
Way forward for these categories
If the investor has a medium- to long-term horizon, partial deployment in balanced advantage or multi-asset funds can serve as a middle ground, offering market participation with downside buffers,” Sagar Shinde, VP Research, Fisdom shared with ETMutualFunds.
While sharing the way forward for multi asset allocation funds, Vishal Dhawan, CEO, Plan Ahead Wealth Advisors, a wealth management firm in Mumbai told ETMutualFunds that one can hold multi asset allocation funds in the portfolio especially in volatile markets as they can help preserve capital and deliver more stable returns over time compared to pure equity funds.
“Gold, for instance, has emerged as one of the strongest-performing asset classes in recent years, especially during times of global uncertainty. Its presence in the portfolio can act as a natural hedge, offering protection when equities are under pressure. However, it is important for investors to understand the fund’s asset allocation model and strategy as this will influence how the fund performs across different market cycles,” Dhawan adds.
